I've been thinking alot about the challenges I face when I try to get students to think more critically and compassionately about other people. What we are often combatting are deeply entrenched cultural interpretations of others' behavior or circumstances that must be broken down to get students to actually care, relate or empathize with the so-called pariahs, broken down, or miscreants of our society. I am not trying to get them to have more sympathy for--say mass murderers, rapists, or even violent bullies. I am trying to get them to be less judgmental of pregnant teenagers, the homeless, single parents (most often mothers) drawing from TANF.
The real work here is breaking down, piercing through the powerful ready-made cultural interpretations of these folks: sexually promiscuous, slutty girls; irresponsible, lazy freeloaders, or foolish women who mated and/or married a "dog." Even I fall victim, to these schematas.
But, then, I try to think hard about a problem like teenage pregnancy. It helps to study it in a far away context for the moment, to try and unsettle those pesky cultural interpretations at work. Yesterday, Sharon LaFraniere in "AIDS, Pregnancy and Poverty Trap Ever More African Girls," reported on plight of young girls in Mozambique due to the AIDS epidemic and consequent high rates of orphans and poverty. The story leads with a recounting of how Flora Muchave, 14, was hoodwinked into sleeping with an older man who promised to "take care of her." Her father already died of AIDS, her mother would soon follow, and the family was unable to sustain themselves. She believed this older man, and that left her pregnant with 4 bucks.
As I read this story, I wondered if my students would blame Flora for getting pregnant. Would they impose their middle/upper-class (and often puritanical) values on this young woman? Would they consider her just a "fool" for believing the older man? Would they scold her for not using contraception? Or, would they be disgusted with him? I hoped the latter. But, I never know what will happen when I present these sorts of cases to them. Can they actually understand how desperate Flora's situation is? She is 14, an orphan from Mozambique (not the U.S.), where the AIDS virus is killing off her family, her village. She has not been able to sustain an education, she has no access to birth control (much of this can be blamed on the Bush "global gag rule"), and she has no family security or stability.
Now, add on top of this already desperate situation that she is female. She is young, and female and soon learns, like many other young women in this situation that she can make money to support her family by selling her body. When I reflect on this fact, I get depressed. What sort of culture gets off on 14 year old, poor, and desperate girls? What value, if any, do these men place on a young girls' life? Where is her right to grow up without hating herself? Without degrading herself? And, the bonus prize for this incredibly low self-esteem is pregnancy.
Now, back to the U.S.: what are the important differences between young, poor, U.S. women who get pregnant and this woman from Mozambique. (Obviously, there are differences). But, we have a lot of similarites: lack of education, economic insecurity, unstable homes, little if any access to contraception--but more importantly comprehensive seuxal education. Our U.S. girl grows up learning that her body has cash-value, while simultaneoulsy learning to hate herself.
The other day in a car ride back with three of my friends (all women with Ph.D.s) I asked: how many of you grew up in this culture without hating some part of your body, or being ashamed of your sexual behavior (whether you bought into puritanical notions or not)? Of course, we all learn this.
Now, back to these powerful cultural interpretations I have to pierce through to get my students not to judge Flora (except, the U.S. version of Flora). I have to force them to see these girls on their own terms, to suspend that powerful cultural script that tells them to see her behavior as a "bad choice" or "foolish choice." Anyone who teaches, and teaches students to think critically and compassionately, can attest, I am sure of how exhausting this process is, how draining. And, when we are really honest with ourselves, we have to remember that we have to keep expending that effort on our own selves over a lifetime. It is simply a lot easier to let the stories we tell ourselves, the ones we inherint from a deep seated disgust with human fraility, to do the work for us.
"You will never be a first class human being until you learn to have some small regard for human frailty" or something like that.
ReplyDeleteAmen to that!! The strength we impose on ourselves and others is too often a defensive attitude to assure ourselves that WE would never fall prey to the hazards and humiliations that befall others. If degradation and abuse is the fault of the victim, then we can avoid being victimized by avoiding their faults and flaws. So we tell ourselves the big lie that WE are strong enough and smart enough to resist all dangers, and we consequently have no regard or compassion for inevitable human frailies...especially our own when we find ourselves out on the roof, naked and howling at the moon.
;-)
this post of aspazis's was so good I had to make two comments! This is the other one:
ReplyDeleteAs one of the PhD's in the car, I want to clarify one point, not to disagree with aspazia's argument but to support it from a different angle.
I really actually didn't grow up hating my body or my sexuality. (There were plenty of other things for me to hate about myself, but these weren't the things.) I actually was pretty comfortable with my body and with sexuality, and was angry and confused every time I read a Seventeen article about holding those horny boys at bay when they wanted to have sex and you didn't. Hey! I wanted to have sex! Where were these horny boys? They were scared shitless of me, I can tell you that. And I never understood why, when later I did finally become sexually active, my "second-wave feminist" upbringing didn't result in healthy sexual relationships with men. *I* may have learned that there was nothing wrong with a woman with a healthy sex drive, but the GUYS I was with surely never got the news. And all of a sudden, "the rules" started coming in on all sides. Talk about mixed messages: no dear, there's nothing wrong with you, but they don't know that, so you're going to have to play hard to get (insert remaining 1950s nightmare instructions to women here). Talk about cognitive dissonance of mind-wrenching proportions.
So while I never could personally relate to the Vagina Monologues (why should I need to name my vagina any more than I should name my elbow?), none of this remotely frees me from a twisted cultural double-standard that encourages sexuality on the one hand and then stigmatizes it (especially for sexual women) on the other.
This is all to say that, whenever the sex-stigma wrecking ball hits us, it does so with a vengeance, and all the "enlightened upbringing" in the world cannot save us from it. We cannot pretend that these forces are not at work throughout our cultural attitudes.